A study of the legal implications of lifelong learning records. This study will inform the projects in the MLEs for Lifelong Learning Programme.

Legal & Records Management study

Issues relating to the concept of the Lifelong Learner Record

Background/Context

The Dearing Inquiry into Higher Education (1997) recommended the introduction, over the medium term, of a HE Progress File comprising:

  • A transcript recording student achievement which should follow a common format devised by institutions collectively through their representative bodies;
  • A means by which students can monitor, build and reflect upon their personal development (Personal Development Planning/Recording)

The Life-long Learner Record (LLR) extends this concept across the whole gamut of an individual’s educational experience, and is designed to enable the learner to take control of and improve their own learning and performance, and more easily to transfer learning between different contexts, for example between the classroom and the workplace. However, the rollout of a national LLR system will clearly require a much higher degree of technological and administrative co-ordination between educational institutions at all levels, and will inevitably pose a number of difficult legal questions with regard to issues such as:

  • the efficient, effective and fair collection, collation and use of learner data;
  • the implementation of processes of identity management and security;
  • assessments of the suitability of proprietary and open source software solutions;
  • the responsibilities of educational institutions with regard to provision of effective services to students with special education needs.

Aims and Objectives

The overall aim of the project is to provide early and effective legal research and guidance to JISC LLR pilot projects and those engaged in drafting proposed learner information standards and specifications.

The specific objectives are to:

  • Determine the perceptions of the legal and extra-legal risks and benefits of the LLR amongst stakeholders, regulators and other interested parties.
  • Assess the legal risks to the main objectives of the LLR to determine if there are particular legal difficulties that might have the potential to turn into ‘project killers’.
  • Assess the legal risks that might arise in relation to the wider use of LLR data including linkages to external data sources
  • Produce strategic reports on the key legal issues likely to affect the direction and viability of the LLR
  • Create appropriate guidance documentation, provide advisory services for existing JISC LLR projects and contribute to JISC programme meetings in the programme area.

Project Methodology

The study will combine a number of research techniques - a literature review; interviews with key personnel from appropriate educational bodies, user representatives and regulatory agencies; the use of an expert group drawn from a range of organisations identified as key participants in the study, and the use of an advisory group of industry and other organisations.  The study will focus in part upon existing JISC LLR projects, such as the SHELL and NIIMLE projects, enabling them and their home institutions to provide relevant background to the analysis of the existing key legal issues.

Implications/ Deliverables/ Stakeholders

The study is producing 4 workpackages aimed at supporting various aspects of the work of the JISC LLR projects, and those working on developing standardised metadata vocabularies or schemas for the LLR. The 4 workpackages are:

  • Project Killer Workpackage - an assessment of legal risks to the main objectives of the LLR to determine if there are particular legal difficulties that might have the potential to turn into ‘project killers’. The deliverable of this workpackage is a report.
  • Aspect Killer Workpackage - an assessment of the legal risks that might arise in relation to the wider use of LLR data including linkages to external data sources. The deliverable of this workpackage is a report.
  • Legal Aspects of Metadata Workpackage - an assessment of the effect, over time, of the redefinition of vocabularies and the processes which use those vocabularies.  The deliverable of this workpackage will be a report.
  • Application Profiles Workpackage - an assessment of the legal aspects of generic application profiles, including vocabularies. The deliverable of this workpackage will be guidance documentation.

In addition, a number of FAQ's are being produced in response to issues raised by the projects (see  'Legal issues raised by selected projects from the JISC MLEs for Lifelong Learning Programme' - February 2005). FAQ's are available on the topics of:

Other reports include:

A project seminar was held on the 11th April 2005, at Wolverhampton Science Park Conference Centre, entitled ''Developing Lifelong Learner Record Systems and ePortfolios in FE and HE: Planning for and coping with legal issues'. The presentations from this seminar are provided below:

The findings will be disseminated to users via the Legal Study webpage, by contributions to JISC programme meetings, and by journal articles and conference papers.

Project reports

Progress report - January 2005

Project Staff

Project Director and Manager

Andrew Charlesworth
Director, Centre for IT and Law,
School of Law/Department of Computer Science,
University of Bristol,
Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ

Telephone: 0117 954 5355
Fax: 0117 925 1870
Email: a.j.charlesworth@bris.ac.uk

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