JISC

Second strategic aim: to provide advice to institutions to enable them to make economic, efficient and legally compliant use of ICT, respecting the individual’s and corporate rights and responsibilities

 To be met through:

• Helping institutions plan and manage change to exploit ICT (e.g. risk analysis, cost of ownership, staff development and skills training, rights management)
• Providing an observatory role, coherent advisory services and forming a more robust evidence base for the effectiveness of ICT
• Improving the effectiveness of scholarly communication in support of research, learning and teaching
• Improving communication and feedback mechanisms with the JISC to help institutions with their investments in ICT, to discover and respond to changing needs, and to provide user-led advisory services

The JISC Organisational Support (JOS) budget for 2004/05 was £6.21 million. Advisory services account for 86% of the JISC JOS budget and include:

• 13 UK-wide Regional Support Centres  (RSCs). These directly support further education institutions, on a regional basis, to utilise ICT in support of their overall institutional mission.
• TechDis  Providing support to staff and students and improving the provision of technology for people with disabilities.
• JISC Legal  Helping institutions to meet legal requirements.
• JISC Infonet  Helping institutions to plan for and implement information systems, including support for records management activities (part JOS-funded).
• Netskills  Offering internet-related training materials and associated training workshops.
• TASI  Advice and guidance on digitisation issues.
• Plagiarism  (not JOS funded).

Internal and external surveys suggest that the community perceives these as generally providing valuable advice to the community. Most JISC advisory services require comparatively little outlay from JISC and have no commercial equivalent or one that is only available commercially at a cost per use.  However some of the advisory services could increase their user base thereby increasing their value to the community.

JISC Regional Support centres

JISC Regional Support Centres provide advice on how to integrate ICT and e-learning into educational and business activities, to learning provider organisations throughout the UK. RSCs deliver services via regional offices, supporting FE colleges and small HE colleges, specialist and sixth-form colleges (in England) and ACL providers (in England). JISC provides UK-level management, coordination and quality framework, ensuring equivalent regional services across the whole UK.

Benchmarking the RSCs is difficult as the RSC range of activities is diverse and there are no appropriate similar bodies with which to compare them.  Equally there is little information available which quantifies the work of the RSCs. 

The terms of reference of the RSC Board include an undertaking to ‘provide guidance to the RSCs on budgetary and Memorandum of Understanding issues and ensure that funding is delivering value for money.’  A number of reviews and user surveys have been commissioned which fulfil this obligation.

A review of the RSC initiative was recently undertaken by Jon Duke and Andy Jordan (2006).  This included an assessment of the RSC initiative’s success to date, and an evaluation of the appropriateness of the remit and services of the RSCs. 

The report acknowledged the value of the RSCs to the community they serve thus: ‘The RSCs have developed very considerably since their inception, and they supply valuable services needed by their constituency. Their staff, and the JISC, should receive credit for establishing these units, which have become respected service providers in the post-16 landscape. Importantly, they now have a substantial investment value’. 

Jordan and Duke (2006) state that the RSC stakeholders gave a clear message of the high value of the RSCs to their organisations and were anxious to ensure that this was known.

The results of the LISU survey of RSCs (LISU 2006a) indicated that the majority of respondents who had experience of the RSCs felt their services were useful and effective in a number of areas, and therefore valuable.  The comments offered on the work of the RSCs were almost all positive and in many cases highly enthusiastic.

Advisory services

TechDis

TechDis is an information service which aims to enhance provision for disabled students and staff in higher, further and specialist education and adult and community learning, through the use of technology.  TechDis is the leading UK and possibly world educational advisory service, in the fields of accessibility and inclusion.

TechDis offers particular advice on support through the use of technology for

Visual Disabilities	Language and Communication Issues
Auditory Disabilities	Medical / Other Issues
Learning Difficulties	Multiple Disabilities
Mobility and Motor Disabilities	Mental Health

HESA tables for undergraduate and postgraduate students with disabilities suggest that in 2004-05 there were the following numbers of disabled students in HE:

Disabled HE students	Number	Percentage
Postgraduate*	15,545	4.45
Undergraduate**	112,725	5.60
Total	128,270	5.37

*calculated from first year students over two years.
** calculated from first year students over three years.

These figures include HE students.  They do not include staff in:

• HE or Research organisations,
• staff or students in further and specialist education
• staff or students in adult and community learning.

Hence these figures should be considered the minimum that might be assisted by advice from TechDis. 

                                                                                                                                                                         

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HESA statistics show that the proportion of disabled students in HE is rising steadily.  Whilst this rise is, in the main, due to recent legislation, the ability of HE Institutions to accommodate these students effectively has been greatly facilitated by the advice from TechDis.

Although it is impossible to measure the overall value of the inclusion of disabled students in strict financial terms, the value of fees paid by undergraduate disabled students in 2004-05 was at least £112,725,000.

In addition to making possible and enriching the experience of disabled students, TechDis offers advice that assists institutions in complying with disability legislation. All higher and further education institutions have a legal obligation to promote equality of opportunity for disabled people, in particular to ensure that disabled people are able to participate in education and employment. are obliged to comply with these legislations.  Lack of compliance could lead to prosecution of institutions, fines and negative publicity. 

The results of the user survey - Performance of JISC advisory services’, conducted by LISU in early 2006 (LISU 2006b), indicated that over 70% of the respondents from HE and FE had heard of the service. The majority of the respondents who had experienced the work of the service felt that it gave added value.  However some of the responses suggested that this service would benefit from a higher profile.  

63 of the queries received by TechDis in 2004-05 were on the topic of web accessibility. One third of these were requesting an accessibility audit of either a web site or e-learning resource. Comparable commercial equivalents for this include:

• AbilityNet Web Accessibility Snapshot (WCAG Level 1 summary) £500 + VAT
• Zanet.co.uk Audit £499 + VAT
• Vordweb Accessibility Audit (WCAG Level 3 Summary) £800 + VAT

The mean of these is £705 (including VAT).

This suggests that the commercial equivalent of these audits would cost the sector approximately £14,805.

The 2-day Higher Education Conference, was an event for 60 delegates offered at no charge to staff from HE institutions and included accommodation. Two comparable events are:

• Neil Stewart Associates 2-day conference “Leadership and Change Management 2006 – Learning From Best Practices”, NOT including overnight accommodation in London, price £1185 + VAT
• Centaur Conferences 2-day conference “Corporate Branding 2006”, including overnight accommodation, price £1798 + VAT

The mean of these is £1,753 (including VAT). 

This suggests that this conference, provided by the commercial sector, would cost the community £105,150

TechDis provided each of the 13 RSCs (a total of 150 staff) with a full day’s training on Assistive Technologies and their application in education. Three comparable commercial sector offerings are:

• CUHTEC 6-hour course “Making telecare and electronic Assistive Technology work” £120 + VAT
• AbilityNet 6-hour course “Effective assessment of problems at computer workstations” £195 + VAT
• AbilityNet half-day technical in-house training for up to 20 participants £700 plus £20 per delegate + VAT

The mean of these is £135 (including VAT). 

This suggests that this training for 150 staff, provided by the commercial sector, would have cost £20,250

TechDis delivered over 60 workshops and presentations to institutions and intermediaries (ranging from a single workshop to a full day) on a variety of topics including web accessibility, using Microsoft and Adobe products, and creating or adapting e-learning resources to be part of an inclusive learning experience.

The mean of 12 commercial equivalents gives a cost per session of £4,247 (including VAT). 

This suggest that this training, for 60 sessions, provided by the commercial sector would have cost £254,787.

All of the Assistive Technology Box Training sessions and a proportion of the Presentations and Workshops were delivered to intermediaries who then re-presented the information to a wider audience. For example one RSC staged 5 formal events with the Assistive Technology box during the year, as well as organising over a dozen informal sessions within other events. There is no direct commercial equivalent for this kind of activity, but if the formal sessions carry the same value as TechDis Presentations and Workshops, and that 20% of the 60 Presentations and Workshops were also taken forward by intermediaries to five further events each, then:

This activity from commercial suppliers would have cost the sector £530,800.

The TechDis website is a no-charge information resource bringing together a wealth of information that, otherwise, would take individuals many hours of searching to find. The website is estimated to contain 229 individual useful information resources.

The site is used by an average of 6487 unique users per month. A proportion of these are probably ‘browsing’ rather than using the information in a meaningful way. However, in any given month 13-26% of the pages used are printed using the site’s Print Page function. In addition to this an unknown proportion of readers will print pages using the Windows Print function, and many use material online without printing. 

Assuming 40% of unique users engage with the material, the above suggests some 2,595 users are engaging with at least one document per month.  The material is readily available and focused to the needs of the community.  If accessing these documents from the TechDis website saves each user an average of half an hour searching for material, then:

The documents on the TechDis website save user time to the value of at least £226,472 per year.

The TechDis database is viewed by an average of 119 unique users per month. Because of the nature of this resource it is highly likely that the visitors return regularly, and anecdotal evidence suggests that it saves each user several hours per month in terms of searching for product information. If we assume that each user is saved three hours per month,

This resource saves user time to the value of  £62,312.

The TechDis website includes access to a range of tools for use by the sector. Some have direct equivalents in the commercial sector. The Style Sheet Wizard is downloaded on average 78 times per month and has the following commercial equivalents:

• CoffeeCup Stylesheet Maker $34 (£18)
• Nemesis Project Style Master 3.0 $49.99 (£27)
• BlueChillies Style Master Windows 4.5 $59.99 (£32)

Using the lowest value, this software saves the sector £1650 per annum.  If the other TechDis tools are presumed to have a similar commercial value,

The cost to the sector of these downloads would be in the region of £299,762 per annum.

TechDis received a recurrent budget from JISC of £537,825 in 2004-05. 

The above estimates suggests that in 2004-05, for every pound of funding received, TechDis saved the community at least £2.82 pounds.    

In addition TechDis provides added value by:

• Offering services that are created to fit the specific needs of the post-16 education sector.  This is not usually the case with comparable commercial services. 
• Supplying tailored advice, to users, advisors, suppliers and developers.
• Providing strategic and policy level advice which assists inclusion of students with disabilities and reduces the likelihood of (costly) challenges under disability legislations. 
• Providing value in terms of its international reputation as a leader in the use of technology in the fields of accessibility and inclusion.
• Assisting in attracting students into education (particularly HE) from both the UK and abroad, who might not otherwise enter tertiary education and whose skills might never be developed and made available to the wider community. 

JISC Legal Information Service

JISC Legal is a free information service offering high quality legal information to further and higher education relating to the use of information and communications technologies. JISC Legal runs training events, provides publications, and operates an enquiry service.

Maynard and White’s survey (2004) ‘A customer satisfaction survey of JISC Legal users’ produced a very positive perception of the service.  Of the 69 regular users and intermediary bodies surveyed, all placed a high value on the service and the quality of its information.  

The LISU survey (LISU 2006b) ‘Performance of JISC advisory services’, indicated that over 75% of the respondents from HE and FE had heard of the service.  The majority of the respondents who had experienced the work of the service felt that it gave added value. Several comments from the survey reiterated that users felt this was a valuable service.

In 2003-4 there were over 150,000 web page requests and over 150 legal enquiries from HE institutions. The .ac.uk community made 332,275  distinct page accesses to JISC Legal web pages. If one hit in four hundred saves institutions one hour of lawyers fees, (at a recommended hourly legal rate of £120 for general solicitors), then the community saved £99,900 during 2004-05. 

The JISC Legal Services received over 696 enquiries during 2004-05.  The average of two hours to respond to each enquiry is the equivalent of  £83,520 of legal expertise. In addition JISC Legal ran 40 one-day events for the community.  These represents another £96,000 worth of expertise received by the community.   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The budget for JISC Legal Information Service for 2004-05 was £197,388. The value of these three aspects of service is at least £279,502. 

For each £1 of funding for JISC Legal in 2004-05 the value the community received was equivalent to at least £1.41.

JISC Legal produces a free monthly JISC Legal Newsletter to around 600 subscribers. A JISC Legal survey showed that 87% of subscribers say they pass newsletter information on to others.  15% of the subscribers describe themselves as 'senior management'. JISC Legal provides JISC itself with legal information and collaborates with JISC infoNet, Netskills, TechDIS, JPAS, and other services and programmes providing legal information.

 JISC infoNet

JISC infoNet is an advisory service for managers in the post-compulsory education sector promoting the effective strategic planning, implementation and management of information and learning technology to support learning, teaching, research and business processes.  JISC infoNet’s resources are freely available to institutions and individuals in the UK further and higher education sectors via their website. 

InfoNet plays an important part in the JISC’s strategic guidance to the post 16 education sector.  JISC infoNet is a relatively new service, which commenced in January 2003. Information here is based on activities from August 2004 to July 2005, when the service was in its second year.

The broad remit of the infoNet service makes specific value for money comparisons for the service difficult as there are fewer obvious comparative organisations covering the same breadth. 

A customer satisfaction survey indicated that 81% of respondents perceived the infoNet website to be up-to-date and of practical value.

InfoNet provides two types of service

1. web provision – notably via ‘infoKits’
2. delivery of training events

A review of core activities states:

“Excellent feedback was obtained from senior staff in two HE institutions where infoNet have provided training associated with specific projects sponsored by the senior management team of the university.  In one case, Project Management and Process Review are being used to change the institution’s management approach, and the senior officer concerned, who has recent long experience in the private sector, was highly complimentary about the on-site training provided by infoNet and compared the quality of materials favourably with those available from the widely respected Gartner Group. 

A second senior manager consulted, made extensive use of Process Review in the institution’s Student Access to Services project.  In this case, infoNet provided not only training but also mentoring support, in return for which the institution has provided infoNet with useful case study material.  In both cases, infoNet seems to have been able to make genuine impact within the institution and in the documentation of one of the projects it is stated that ‘mentoring, training and facilitation support from JISC infoNet has been an essential part of achieving real progress and positive outcomes’ .”

The Records Management review drew the following conclusion:

‘Responses indicate that over 90% consider that the activities are high quality, of high value and very or extremely useful and hence represent excellent value for money. Subjectively, therefore the contacts consider the JISC RM activities to be good value for money.’

The following comments are also taken from the Records Management activity review:

‘There is an investment of some £17 million in RM staff across the sector.’

‘The results show all RM contacts are aware of JISC and rely on JISC for professional support. It can reasonably be assumed that JISC publications such as the “Revised study of the records lifecycle” and the toolkits and workshops make staff more productive. A 10% improvement in productivity represents a benefit of £1.7 million per year across the sector.’

A number of customer comments were also reported in the review:

• “Indispensable resource for records managers working alone within a large institution”
• ”Excellent support – helped influence thinking and support developments”
• ”Hugely helpful in raising awareness of colleagues”
• ”Very good for spreading awareness at senior level”
• ”Very much needed”

The results of the advisory services user survey (LISU 2006b)- Performance of JISC advisory services’, indicated that over 75% of the respondents from HE and FE had heard of the service. The majority of those who had experienced the work of the service felt that it gave added value. Several comments appended to the survey emphasised that users felt this was a valuable service.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Some 700 UK HE and FE web pages link directly to the JISC infoNet web page information. These links vary from linkage to either entire Kits or series of Kits, to smaller individual articles.

If each linked resource saved an average of £1,000 per institution this represents a saving of some £600,000 across the sector. 

This figure seems reasonable considering that some organisations have adopted whole infoKits that might otherwise cost in excess of £50k to develop from scratch.

Many of the infoKits include accompanying training events which are usually hosted by Regional Support Centres and open to any FEC/HEI. These training events are perceived as high quality, the overall rating from delegates amounts to 83.23% (where the scale runs from 0 - very poor to 100 - excellent).

A total of 60 such events were held during 2004-05, encompassing themes including Project Management, Process Review, MLEs, VLEs and e-Learning, Records Management and Freedom of Information.  These events are comparable with providers such as Learning Tree or the AUA, who typically charge around £400 per delegate per day for such provision. JISC infoNet makes no charge. With 824 delegates attending the workshops in 2004/2005, and assuming a day delegate rate of £400 for equivalent provision:

It is reasonable to assume that such training might have cost the sector in the region of  £329,600 

One workshop, the Freedom of Information/Records Management event, was developed into a CD-ROM for staff developers working in this area and was made freely available on request.  Since its launch in December 2005, 603 requests were made for the material, from within the UK FE/HE sector.  The materials enable local staff developers to train up to 15 participants within their organisation.

If half the institutions used this material as a basis for internal training rather than ask infoTech or another body to run the sessions, then this material saved institutions at least £226,472.

There have been 1350 requests from the .ac.uk domain for JISC infoNet hardcopy materials. These are distributed free of charge. 

Assuming a nominal fee of £15 per publication (common across the sector) this amounts to a further potential saving of £20,250 for the community. 

Furthermore these have been used to advertise JISC development publications which has resulted in an additional 450 requests direct to JISC.

Where institutions undertaking large projects have used the infoKit ‘suite’ and attended workshop events, a number have commented that this has saved on IT/management consultancy. 

If 50 institutions saved 5 days consultancy, at a rate of £1500 a day this represents a saving of £375,000.

In addition JISC infoNet engages in collaborative projects with other sector organisations (notably ALT, the HigherEducationAcademy and UCISA, and with the JISC Development Group and other JISC services.

JISC services are extensively referenced and linked within the infoKits (in particular the JISC Legal Service, JISC TechDis and CETIS), and some of these have authored relevant materials to fit in with the infoKit model (for example, OSS Watch provided the Open Source Software guide). This approach increases the value of JISC infoNet in terms of raising awareness of the range of services across a wider audience and strengthening the ‘JISC brand’.

The core JISC infoNet budget for 2004-05 was £584,000. 

The above estimates suggest that in 2004-05, for every pound of funding received, JISC infoNet saved the community at least £2.66 pounds.

TASI

The Technical Advisory Service for Images provides advice and guidance to the UK's Further and Higher Education community on digitisation issues.

TASI’s principle activities are:

• The production advice documents, distributed from the TASI web-site,
• An enquiry service
• A training service. 
• To assist substantial enquiries TASI offers a consultancy service.

Service use

Use of TASI web based services show a sustained increase. This increase results in a fall in cost per unit of use, therefore greater value for money.  

 

TASI costs 2004-05

Cost per institution	£398.00
Cost per student (HE and FE)	£0.03
Cost per web page access	£0.33
Cost per document served	£0.46

In 2004-05 TASI delivered to UK HE/FE an average, each month, of:

* 78,680 web pages, including 37,359 reports
* 27 enquiry responses
* 18 workshop attendances

A ‘Value for Money’ exercise performed in 2005 suggested that advice from TASI saved user time and effort and that large savings were being made.  These are due to:

• Reduction in time searching elsewhere for relevant information
• Reduction in time spent appraising the quality and relevance of the information.  TASI information is appreciated as being of good quality and relevant to the tertiary education sectors
• Reduction in time wasted by avoiding mistakes in project planning or technical work

The following calculation was proposed:

Suppose that each workshop attendance or enquiry leads to a saving of one/person day to the community.  Suppose that each report read saves someone half an hour. Value a person/day at £109. 

£109 per day equates to an annual salary of £24,000.   This calculation does not include time saved by other web accesses or helpdesk use. 

Using these figures the savings are:

	2004-05
Documents served	448,303
Hours saved	224,151.5
Days saved	28,019
Saving	£3,054,071
Workshop attendance	213
Days saved	213
Workshop saving	£23,217
Total saving	£3,079,631
Ratio savings/spending	£15.07

 

A conservative estimate suggests that in 2004-05, for every pound of funding received, TASI saved the community at least £16 pounds.   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The results of a TASI questionnaire to users of the Enquiry service in 2003-04 revealed that all the users polled would recommend TASI.  Users particularly valued the time taken by TASI staff to understand individual problems and the tailoring of advice.   Over 90% of the users rated the advice as excellent or good and no users rated the advice as poor.  A digest of comments about the service is available in appendix 2. 

JISC Plagiarism Advisory Service (JISCPAS)

JISCPAS both supports the subscription Plagiarism Detection Service supplied by iParadigms and advises the community on plagiarism prevention and the creation of a culture that discourages plagiarism.

JISCPAS has been serving the JISC community since September 2002, and has, during that period, contributed significantly to the work conducted by the community in preventing and detecting plagiarism. The foresightedness of the JISC in establishing the service has been repeatedly commented upon during the regional workshops, presentations and seminars conducted by the service team.

The increase in use of e-resources and networked services has made plagiarism both easier to effect and, to an extent, more difficult to detect and can be regarded as the downside of a pervasive use of e-resources and computing by students. The problems of plagiarism are personal, institutional and national.   The value of the reduction of plagiarism in the education community is largely intangible, the principle benefits being maintenance of quality and reputation.  In order for UK tertiary education to compete in an international arena it must be acknowledged to provide a quality product. 

Benchmarking

Although the JISCPAS is unique in the UK, it can be compared, in some respects, with the Center for Academic Integrity, founded by Don McCabe and based in DukeUniversity, Durham, North Carolina. Although based in the US, the Center attracts global membership. The CAI (http://www.academicintegrity.org/) provides advice and guidance to educational establishments on preventative measures to tackle academic misconduct, specifically promoting the use of ‘honor codes’. Unlike JISCPAS, institutions wishing to access pertinent information and support provided by the Center are required to become members of the Center at a cost of $550 (£290 approx). JISCPAS provides similar information on the JISCPAS website at no extra charge to the community. 

For 750 institutions, the central provision of JISCPAS represents a saving of £217,500.

Alternatively the core document - the Academic Integrity Assessment Guide, which is very similar in scope to JISCPAS’ Roadmap - is available at a cost of $1200 (£633 approx) for non-members or $500 (approx £264) for members.

20 copies of the Roadmap provided to enquirers represent a saving to the community of £12,660.

Central provision

The licence for the Turnitin software for 2004- 2005 was purchased at a cost of approximately £250,000. If each individual institution purchased the software separately, the total cost for the licence would have been £138,500 with an additional charge of £400,000 (£0.40 per student FTE for 1,000,000 students).

This central provision represents a saving to the community of at least £288,500.

The Blackboard learning management system for the Plagiarism Detection Software was introduced in the year 2004-2005 as part of the JISC licence at no extra charge to the JISC community. By providing this as part of the licence, £850 per institution was saved for the 17 institutions able to adopt the plug-in. 

This amounts to a saving of £14,450 for that part of the community.

Savings of time and effort

In an article on current approaches to plagiarism, Larkham highlights the average time for identifying and retrieving the original source of plagiarism as 16 hours of staff time. If only 10% (9,000) of the reports produced in minutes by the Turnitin software identify the source of potential plagiarism in a student paper, a notional saving of £2,160,000 would be achieved.

Additional costs are incurred, where any identification of plagiarism leads to the convening of a disciplinary panel. Larkham, for example, identified photocopying costs in excess of £300 for the documentation required for one panel. If 1% (90) of the reports identifying potential plagiarism above result in representation to a disciplinary panel, the availability of the electronic report could notionally save the community in the region of £27,000.

Assessing impact

Evidence suggests that without the plagiarism service many instances of plagiarism go undetected and, therefore, the efforts described in the previous two paragraphs are generally not expended.  The value of the plagiarism service in these cases is measured not in terms of money saved, but in an increase in academic quality.

The increase in use of e-resources and networked services has made plagiarism both easier to effect and, to an extent, more difficult to detect.  The problems of plagiarism are personal, institutional and national.   The value of the reduction of plagiarism in the education community is largely intangible, the principle benefits being maintenance of quality and reputation.  For UK tertiary education to compete in an international arena it must be acknowledged to provide a quality product. 

In 2004-05 there were 218,395 international students (non-UK, non-EU) in higher education.  These paid at least £1,747,160,000 in fees (c£8,000 each) and at least half as much again to the UK economy in living costs.  The JISC paid £174,515 towards running the Plagiarism service in 2004-05 - the equivalent of the fees of 22 international students. These students are here, presumably because of the perceived quality of UK education.

If each UK HE establishment lost one international student (or more than two UK students) due to an apparent decline in standards, the value of the lost fees would be in the order of  £1,336,000 per year. 

In 2004-05 the Plagiarism Advisory Service supplied over 31,145 documents, downloaded from its web pages, responded to almost 1,000 queries about plagiarism and had over 52,492 visits made to web pages. 

If one in two documents saved an hour of administrators or lecturers time searching for appropriate advice on plagiarism,this would equate to a value of £233,588 in saved staff time. If each enquiry represented a similar saving of one hour, again this would equate to a further £15,000 in saved staff time. 

JISCPAS staff conducted 18 workshops over the year with an average attendance of 10 staff at each workshop. Feedback from the events suggest that participants felt more confident about implementing plagiarism prevention strategies as a result of attendance, which would in turn reduce the time and effort required to deal with cases of plagiarism.

A saving of 1 day of staff time for each attendee represents a value of £21,600 to the community.

Together these savings come to over £4.5 million.

These estimates suggests that in 2004-05, for every pound of funding received, the JISC Plagiarism Advisory Service  saved the community at least £12 pounds. 

The principle value of the Plagiarism Service is in the maintenance and improvement of the UK academic reputation.  The figures above demonstrate that the decision to establish the service has also proved to be cost-effective.

 

 

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